All right, everybody can hear me?

Great, let's get started.

Well, I want to start by thanking Johannes and Alexander and Lucas and everyone else who

did this wonderful organization here at Kloster Banz.

It's a very nice venue for this.

So thank you very much for all your efforts to get this done.

And of course, I want to thank the sponsors as well for making it financially possible

for this to happen, especially Beckman.

And so having said that, I want to give you a follow up to what Lutz did, which was the

history of AUC.

I'm going to look to the future and tell you what's new, what has been happening in the

scientific world to advance AUC to the next generation of biophysical experiments that

can be done.

And that is multi-wavelength technology, which was originally introduced by Helmut Koehre

from our friend who passed away last year tragically way too early.

But he and I, we really pursued this.

And so what I want to give you is a little bit of an update and give you some insight

into what multi-wavelengths can do for you.

So traditionally, we have had that UV optic system, UV visible optic system, where you

pick a single wavelength and you measure your experiment and you're done.

There's a new instrument that we have, the Optima AUC, as well as an instrument that

Helmut introduced much earlier.

We can do collection of data at multiple wavelengths during the experiment.

So if you recognize this lady here shown in monochrome, single wavelengths, just imagine

that she was an AUC experiment, okay?

Looks a little sad just in gray and black and white.

Just imagine this was done in multi-wavelengths, this picture.

It's much more exciting.

This is the same for an AUC experiment.

In an AUC experiment, if you measure multiple wavelengths, you get different absorbance

levels, right?

So you get this additional dimension that normally is not being analyzed in a single

wavelengths experiment where the information that you're collecting tells you something

about the chemical properties or the spectral properties of the mixture of molecules that

you're sedimenting.

So in this environment, you can then exploit multi-wavelength analysis for mixtures of

molecules where the molecules absorb differently.

And we have lots of those systems where this is true.

For example, you have proteins that have aromatic side chains and absorb at around 280, and

then you have proteins where you do not have that or maybe just a few.

And so the amount of absorbance that you get at 280 compared to the absorbance of the backbone

below 240, that ratio can vary and you can exploit that.

Also we have plenty of systems to study where we're looking at mixtures between proteins

and nucleic acids.

These nucleic acids absorb very differently as we will see here in a minute.

And we also have fusion proteins with all kinds of fluorescent proteins that you can

now purchase or express that absorb at different colors in the visible spectrum.

And that can be used as well to distinguish molecules based on their spectral properties.

Equally we can get Alexa dyes that have different colors and attach those to our molecules that

we want to track and then look at the absorbance of each one of those fluorophores.