last time this year.

Okay, so now you should know everything about

how supercomputers are built up, right?

So starting from now, we will take a look

at the various supercomputers that have been built,

and after we cover those, we will take a look

at the supercomputers that might get built in the future.

Okay, so the current development that's going on there.

A good list of supercomputers is the Top 500 list.

It's available, it's a website, top500.org,

and it has, first of all, lots of news,

and it's most famous for the Top 500 list.

It's on the Top 500 list, and the list is being published

twice a year, once in June and once in November.

Okay, and it has a quick run down,

and then the actual list, right?

So where we're at right now is that we are at

almost 2.4 million cores, and 200 petaflops of performance.

And 200 petaflops of performance.

Okay, or, well, the actual measured performance is one.

So this is the theoretical performance,

and that's the measured performance

with the matrix-matrix multiplication.

Okay, and you get some details about the systems.

So the current number one system is an IBM Power System

with Power 9 processors and Nvidia Volta GPUs,

and a InfiniBand network.

So, but that's pretty much all there is,

well, a few more details, but that's pretty much

all there is to get from those systems in the list.

Okay, so,

let's see how we got there.

So what I want to start with is a quick run down

over the past, well, few systems which were interesting.

Okay, so traditionally, the top 500 list is dominated

by the United States, by the USA, and, well,

the reason for that is, did I mention why supercomputers

were built in the first place?

Very briefly, I think.

So the biggest reason is, well,

is that the USA built up the top 500 list, obviously,

and the reason why they were in need for such systems

is, well, they needed to simulate physical effects.

Okay, and mostly to simulate nuclear bombs, okay,

to simulate the fitness of their nuclear weapons, okay?

So I think 1980 or something, there was this treaty

that no atomic bomb was to be fused on the planet anymore,

and, however, we still have, up to today,

lots of nuclear warheads, right?

So they are lying around there, and what do you do