Thank you very much for inviting me.

I'm going to start off by apologizing for my voice.

It's actually getting a little better now than it was a few moments ago.

I've had a cold for a little over a week, and the cold's gone, but the effects of my

voice are still here.

So if all of a sudden during the middle of the talk I start gesturing instead of talking

or using my mouse to go down, look at this line, look at that line, you'll know what's

going on.

Last Thursday I was talking barely above a whisper, and I was worried about this, but

it seems like it's getting better right now, so maybe that will help.

Also I'd like to acknowledge that a lot of what I'm going to present was not just done

by my group at UMass, but it was done working with our colleagues at the Illinois Institute

of Technology in Chicago.

So my group and the group of Miles Vurnick and Yongyi Yang are responsible for the work

that is in this talk.

So let us begin.

I'm going to be talking about motion correction.

There's lots of different types of motion, body motion, cardiac motion, respiratory motion,

and if you have multimodality imaging like SPECTCT, PETCT, you can have motion during

the SPECT imaging and during the CT imaging you may not have it or vice versa.

So you have motion between the modalities if they're done sequentially as opposed to

simultaneously.

This talk is going to be focusing on respiratory motion because this talk is in honor of Dr.

Sanders, which I can say now.

Couldn't say that earlier, but I can say now.

And so we're going to be talking about respiratory motion and then later on a little bit about

deep learning.

So talk about respiratory motion, let's go back to the anatomy and physiology.

We all learned in our grade school about breathing and that breathing is done by the diaphragm

and it's a fibrous tissue that divides the lungs and thorax from the abdomen to tissues

down below and at the edges there's muscle.

When the muscle contracts, this band moves downward and it comes down here, creates a

vacuum in the lungs, air comes in, tissues down below move out, and if you're like me,

laying at a table with a nice viorbelly, this goes up as the diaphragm goes down.

So that's one part of respiration.

We also have the ribs that can come into play and you've got muscles between the ribs.

The external intercostal muscles can contract and they'll cause the ribs to rock up and

then they can relax, but at the same time to move down, you have the intercostals, which

will pull the ribs down.

So we have a rocking of the ribs and if you want to think about it, go to a bucket that's

got a handle on it.

The handle is against the side when it's down here, but as you lift the handle up, it comes

away from the side of the bucket, so it's increasing the cross section of the area there.

So the ribs when they come up increase the volume of the lungs also.

So the ribs rocking, diaphragm going down, and then you've also got some abdominal muscles

that can come into play.

So there's lots of degrees of freedom for things that can cause respiration.

It's not just the diaphragm, even though we tend to focus on it.

When people are laying at a table, you'll hear them talk about that their abdominal

breathers are chest breathers.