Thank you very much for the organizers to invite us here for the talk.

Now we come to a completely different topic, I would like to say.

It's not that scientific at the moment.

It's more of practical nature.

I'm happy to introduce our analytical photocentrifuge, the LumiSizer,

which can be used also for a kind of multi-dimensional particle and liquid dispersion characterization.

Just to give you an idea, this is the instrument.

We have the possibility to measure up to 12 samples simultaneously

with a very low sample volume of typically about 45 milliliter.

Samples will be placed on the rotor, will be secured by a rotor cap,

and then we can directly start with the measurement.

So we see it's a similar technique to the ultrasound defogation and still different.

This is our light source working in the infrared or in the blue wavelength range.

And we have here a camera system which is recording the transmission profiles.

So we are detecting the transmission profiles over a length of 25 milliliter

with a very high resolution of more than 2000 pixels on this length.

That means we get here raw data and with this we can do quite a lot of things.

This is again the schematic drawing showing you how we are doing it.

We start with a homogeneous sample cell,

or a homogeneous sample, which is illuminated by a parallel light beam.

As I mentioned, we have different wavelengths available that can be switched one after the other.

And this is our detector system.

From that we get these transmission profiles.

That means we have the position coordinate which is calculated from the center of rotation.

And between position 105 and 130, this is our sample that we observe.

And so we can directly during the sun defogation monitor what is the propagation

of the interface between the clear phase and the turbid phase.

And that is then illustrated in terms of transmission profiles with a color code from red to green.

Red profiles are the first, green are the last.

As already mentioned, the system has a capacity of 12 samples that can be measured simultaneously.

In our measurement cells there are different types of wires available,

different in the geometries, also in the material.

We have with that system the possibility to speed up from 200 to 4000 rpm,

which is much, much less than what you know from ultra sun defogation.

So in our case, the maximum acceleration is 2300 times.

That means we are here focusing on rather large particles.

Large particles in that case means that we have a size range from about 10 nanometer up to about 50 to 100 micrometer.

Beside that, the system is temperature controlled and arranged from 4 to 60 degrees Celsius.

And we can realize measurement times between about one minute and up to 99 hours.

For the interpretation of the data, we are using the well-known Stokes law,

having the relationship between the sedimentation velocity and the particle size squared.

And on the other hand, for getting information about the volume,

the volume fraction of the particle fractions, for example, we use the Lambert-Berlow.

What can we do with that system?

We have a couple of analyzers opportunities.

Everything starts with what we call the fingerprinting.

That means we can directly interpret the transmission profiles from that.

We can learn about intensity distribution along the sample length, extinction, homogenization of the homogeneity of the samples.

We can easily determine different types of separation.

And we can also quantify that in terms of a so-called instability index.