Very well.

So this brings us to the actual lecture.

Great.

We spent 15 minutes only talking about organizational details.

So now I would like to welcome you to Interventional Medical Image Processing.

And today we will talk about 3D ultrasound and starting from 3D ultrasound, we will then

switch to a very interesting topic, to a very interesting method which is called factorization.

And you will see factorization is also a really cool thing.

So this is a very, very nice method and also mathematics are quite beautiful.

And we will use our most favorite tool.

What's our most favorite tool?

SVD.

Yes, we will use SVD again.

And you will see that this is also a very...

Fourier transformation.

No, no, this time it's SVD.

It's not the Fourier transform this time.

But let's first talk a bit about 3D ultrasound.

It's also interesting that we just talked about endoscopes and now we're talking about

ultrasound.

So also the different modalities and also the way that these modalities work.

Of course interesting, but they are not that relevant, of course, for the oral exam.

So let's have a look at ultrasound.

And in fact, medical ultrasound was already developed in 1942.

Then when they discovered it for medical applications.

And in 1984, there was the first 3D ultrasound system that has been proposed.

But in fact, sound has been used for measurements already before that.

And you can see that first applications range back to Aristoteles.

They did, for example, ecometry by measuring the time until the reflection arrives.

So actually the echo arrives.

You can measure, for example, depth of a well or something like this.

And in fact, a lot of this ultrasound technology has been driven by military applications.

So before it came to medical ultrasound, a lot of these technologies have been involved

by sonar systems and they were using it to detect submarines.

And so there's a lot of military applications where these things have been involved in.

But from 1942, this has been also used for medical applications.

So we should always be aware that if you're exploring technology, there's always most

of the technology you can use for different purposes.

And there may be good sides that you can use it for medical applications.

But some of the technologies can also be directly related to military applications or for military

intelligence operations if you want to tap phones.

So if you consider, for example, speech recognition, a lot of speech recognition funding actually

comes from military.

And in fact, they have been, so some parties, some funding agencies have been highly interested

in developing speech recognition for Arabic speech.

You may wonder why people fund speech recognition for Arabic speech, but this has been a very

hot topic in speech recognition in recent years.

Well, yeah, now that they caught Osama bin Laden, it's probably not as interesting as

it used to be.

No.