Thank you very much, Professor Taish.

It's really an honor to be here and talk about some of our recent results.

So to set the stage, feel free to stop me and ask questions.

I was joking that I think I have a reconfigurable presentation, which means I can skip slides.

I at least know which slides to skip if I do have to.

So what I'm going to really talk about is robustness and system robustness.

And of course, all the hard work was done by my students and my research associates

and collaborators.

I just have the pleasure to go around and give these talks.

So there is an explosive growth in our dependency on electronic systems, and malfunctions in

these systems, unfortunately, have become an essential part of our lives.

So what I will do today is address robust system design challenges from immediate concerns

that are blocking progress today to major obstacles in exploratory nanotechnologies.

Significant advances in robust system design impacts almost every aspect of future systems

from ultra large scale network systems all the way to their nanoscale components.

So let's look at what the consequences of system malfunctions could be.

They could be very serious, ranging from annoying computer crashes, loss of data and services,

financial and productivity losses, or even loss of human lives.

For example, let's take this transportation example over here.

This happened actually two years back, two or three.

So there was a single circuit board in the air traffic control system in the US.

And in one of the chips in that circuit board, it produced a glitch in one clock cycle.

And as a result, hundreds of flights were canceled or delayed all across the US.

So just look at how vulnerable our systems are.

And such impacts continue to rise as systems become more complex, more interconnected,

and more pervasive.

So typically when people build systems today or mainstream electronic systems today, they

would assume that all the transistors and wires in the underlying hardware would be

working correctly during their useful lifetime.

With enormous complexity and significantly increased vulnerability to failures compared

to past, future systems cannot rely on such assumptions.

And that's where this whole notion of robust system design comes in, where the idea is

how do we build systems that ensure correct operation in spite of rising levels of complexity

and increasing disturbances.

Now when you're talking about large scale system, there are several sources of possible

failures in the system.

You have to worry about security problems.

You have to worry about software problems.

You have to worry about hardware problems.

Hardware failures are especially a growing concern for a couple reasons.

First of all, today's test and validation methodologies barely cope with today's complexity.

So there have to be new ways of testing and validating future systems so that the effects

of defects and design flaws are minimized.

Similarly, for the coming generations of silicon CMOS technologies, integrated circuits in

coming generations of silicon CMOS, there are several failure mechanisms that were largely

benign in the past.

They're becoming very important at the system level, which means that a large class of future

systems, not only the very high end mainframes or safety critical systems, they have to tolerate

errors in their underlying hardware.

And if you look at emerging nanotechnologies, for example, I will talk about this carbon