Hello, everyone.

I hope you had a good lunch break.

I will try to give you an idea of what

can be done with the different technologies, solar cell site and also module site.

I will

start so just giving you a short introduction for the organization I work with, CSCM.

I

will give you a short overview of the market, then go into solar cells and dive a bit more

deeply into lightweight solar modules.

CSCM is a nonprofit technology innovation center.

Our goal is really to develop and transfer new technologies to the industry.

We are 600

employees in total and are working mainly in Switzerland.

So as I said before, we try to do

applied research, transfer to technology.

We work on different, three different main, let's say,

research areas, digital technologies, precision manufacturing and sustainable energy.

This is

where I work with and more specifically on the solar cell and solar module part.

We work very

closely with the EPFL

that's the name of New Maitnau

which is a top university of Switzerland

and it's very nice because they're next door so we can really take the technologies that they

have developed and transfer them to the industry.

So now before I jump in more solar modules,

I wanted to give you an overview of what's going on in the PV production

especially more talking

about thin film and crystalline silicon.

Today, as you can see on the first graph that is from

Fraunhofer Ise

most of the technologies that are being produced is based on crystalline silicon.

98% of the market is crystalline silicon and then there's only 2% that is thin film based.

On the crystalline silicon side

as you can see on the second graph down here

there are several different technologies.

It can be Topcon, which is now the main technology

that is being produced mainly in China

but you also have other technologies like heteronjunction

and also back contacted cells that enables to reach even higher efficiency because you have all the

contacts of the cells going at the rear side.

Each time I put the links to the different references,

so if you're interested you can have a deeper look because I know I'm going a bit fast, but don't

hesitate to interrupt and ask questions if something is not clear and then later you can also have a

look at the links I have put. So what is the difference between thin film and crystalline

based solar cells?

On the left side you have a thin film solar cells where you start with a substrate

and on that substrate you basically create your solar cells. That means the absorbing media is

something that you deposit, coat, whatever technology you use and you put it thin.

That's